Data envelopment analysis (DEA) literature has proposed alternative models for performance assessment in the presence of undesirable outputs, such as pollutant emissions, where increased outputs imply reduced performance. However, the case where global equilibrium of outputs should be imposed has not yet been considered. We propose that the zero sum gains DEA (ZSG-DEA) models look especially su...

In the case of proportional output reduction strategy with a single output, Variable-Returns-to-Scale (VRS) Zero-Sum Gains Data Envelopment Analysis (ZSG-DEA) efficiency scores can be obtained from VRS conventional DEA by means Target’s Assessment Theorem (TAT). Using TAT as departure point, two relations for computing ZSG-DEA appear in literature. Our objective this note is to compare, contras...

As the result of climate change and deteriorating global environmental quality, nations are under pressure to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases per unit of GDP. China has announced that it is aiming not only to reduce carbon emission per unit of GDP, but also to consume increased amounts of non-fossil energy. The carbon emission allowance is a new type of financial asset in each Chines...

Abstract The main resources needed for human survival are water, energy and food, the research on relationship among three has become topic. Due to shortage of natural resources, efficiency water–energy–food (WEF) nexus a hot issue scholars governments all over world. simple models cannot study correlation them; methods WEF gradually shift from single integrated model. data envelopment analysis...

Industrial subsidy is one of the important tools in support of the national production that plays a crucial role in the realization of a resilient economy. Regarding limited financial resources, it is important to determine how these subsidies can be distributed efficiently. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to provide a model for allocating industrial subsidy among 22 manufacturing ind...

The carbon emission of China’s industry accounts for more than 70% of the total in the nation, thus the implementation of carbon emission quota trading in industry is of great importance to realize China’s national carbon emission reduction targets. Meanwhile, the allocation of carbon emission quota among sectors or enterprises proves the first and critical step. For this reason, this paper con...